孟魯司特（Montelukast）
Overview
Montelukast is an oral medication used for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist.
Mechanism of Action
It works by blocking the action of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory chemicals released by the body in response to allergens. Leukotrienes cause airway constriction, mucus production, and inflammation. By blocking them, montelukast helps keep airways open and reduces allergy symptoms.
Dosage and Administration
Typically taken once daily in the evening for asthma, or at any time for allergic rhinitis. The adult dose is usually 10 mg. It is available in tablets, chewable tablets, and oral granules for children.
Side Effects
Generally well-tolerated. Common side effects include headache, stomach pain, and cough. A notable warning exists for potential neuropsychiatric events, such as mood changes, nightmares, and depression.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to montelukast. It is not indicated for the reversal of acute bronchospasm (asthma attacks).
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