沙丁胺醇（Salbutamol）
Overview
Salbutamol (also known as albuterol) is a short-acting bronchodilator used to quickly relieve asthma symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. It is a “reliever” inhaler.
Mechanism of Action
It acts as a selective beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. By stimulating these receptors in the lungs, it causes the smooth muscles of the airways to relax, rapidly opening up the bronchi and improving airflow.
Dosage and Administration
Usually administered via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or nebulizer. For acute asthma relief, the typical dose is 1 to 2 puffs (100-200 mcg) as needed. It should be used for symptom relief, not as regular maintenance therapy.
Side Effects
Common side effects include tremors (especially in the hands), rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), palpitations, and headache. These are usually mild and temporary.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to salbutamol. Caution is advised in patients with cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, or diabetes.
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