來曲唑（Letrozole）
Overview
Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor primarily used in the treatment of hormonally-responsive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is also used off-label as an ovulation induction agent for infertility.
Mechanism of Action
It works by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, which is responsible for converting androgens into estrogens in peripheral tissues. In breast cancer, this deprives estrogen-dependent tumors of the hormone they need to grow. For ovulation induction, lowering estrogen levels triggers the release of FSH, stimulating follicular development.
Dosage and Administration
For breast cancer, the standard dose is 2.5 mg once daily. For ovulation induction, it is typically taken at a dose of 2.5 mg to 7.5 mg daily for 5 days early in the menstrual cycle.
Side Effects
Common side effects include hot flashes, joint pain (arthralgia), fatigue, sweating, and bone loss (osteoporosis) with long-term use.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in premenopausal women (unless used specifically for ovulation induction under medical supervision), during pregnancy, and in patients with known hypersensitivity to letrozole.
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