克羅米芬（Clomiphene）
Overview
Clomiphene is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate regularly. It stimulates the release of hormones necessary for ovulation to occur.
Mechanism of Action
It acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). By blocking estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, it tricks the body into perceiving low estrogen levels. This triggers an increase in the secretion of GnRH, FSH, and LH, stimulating the ovaries to develop and release an egg.
Dosage and Administration
Usually taken orally for 5 days early in the menstrual cycle, often starting on day 3, 4, or 5. The starting dose is typically 50 mg per day.
Side Effects
Common side effects include hot flashes, abdominal discomfort, bloating, mood swings, and breast tenderness. It increases the chance of multiple pregnancies (e.g., twins).
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with liver disease, unexplained abnormal uterine bleeding, ovarian cysts not related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal dysfunction.
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