異丙托溴銨（Ipratropium）
Overview
Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator used to control and prevent symptoms caused by ongoing lung disease, such as COPD, bronchitis, and emphysema.
Mechanism of Action
It blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs. By inhibiting the action of acetylcholine, it prevents airway constriction and decreases mucus secretion, leading to bronchodilation.
Dosage and Administration
Usually inhaled via a metered-dose inhaler or nebulizer. The typical dose is 2 puffs (36 mcg) four times a day. It is often combined with short-acting beta-agonists like salbutamol for enhanced effect.
Side Effects
Common side effects are generally mild and include dry mouth, cough, and headache. In rare cases, it may cause blurred vision or worsen narrow-angle glaucoma if the mist gets into the eyes.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to ipratropium or atropine derivatives. Caution is advised in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma or urinary retention.
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