傳明酸（Tranexamic Acid）
Overview
Tranexamic Acid is an antifibrinolytic medication used to control and prevent excessive bleeding, commonly prescribed for heavy menstrual bleeding and after certain surgical or dental procedures.
Mechanism of Action
It works by competitively inhibiting the activation of plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin is the enzyme responsible for breaking down blood clots (fibrinolysis). By inhibiting this process, tranexamic acid helps to stabilize and maintain blood clots, reducing bleeding.
Dosage and Administration
For heavy menstrual bleeding, the typical oral dosage is 1000 mg to 1300 mg three times daily for up to 5 days during menstruation.
Side Effects
Generally well-tolerated. Common side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, and stomach pain. A rare but serious risk is the development of blood clots (thrombosis).
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with active intravascular clotting, a history of thromboembolic disease (such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism), or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Caution is advised in patients with renal impairment.
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