氟康唑（Fluconazole）
Overview
Fluconazole is an oral antifungal medication used to treat and prevent a variety of fungal and yeast infections, particularly vaginal candidiasis and oral thrush.
Mechanism of Action
It inhibits the fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme 14α-demethylase, which is necessary for the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, a vital component of the fungal cell membrane.
Dosage and Administration
For uncomplicated vaginal yeast infections, a single 150 mg oral dose is usually sufficient. Other infections may require multiple doses over several days or weeks.
Side Effects
Common side effects include headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Rare but serious side effects include liver toxicity and severe skin reactions.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to fluconazole or other azole antifungals. Caution is advised in patients with liver or kidney disease, and those taking medications that may interact with fluconazole.
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