番瀉葉（Senna）
Overview
Senna is a stimulant laxative used to treat constipation and clear the bowel before medical procedures. It stimulates the bowel muscles to induce a bowel movement.
Mechanism of Action
Sennosides are converted by gut bacteria into active compounds that directly stimulate the myenteric plexus in the colon, increasing peristalsis and reducing water absorption.
Dosage and Administration
The usual adult dose is 15-30 mg taken at bedtime. It typically produces a bowel movement within 6 to 12 hours.
Side Effects
Common side effects include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and nausea. Prolonged use can lead to dependence and electrolyte imbalances.
Contraindications
It is contraindicated in patients with intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or undiagnosed abdominal pain.
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