葉酸（Folic Acid）
Overview
Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate (vitamin B9) used to treat and prevent folate deficiency, and importantly, to prevent neural tube defects during early pregnancy.
Mechanism of Action
Folate is essential for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, and for cell division. Adequate levels are crucial during periods of rapid growth, such as fetal development.
Dosage and Administration
For the prevention of neural tube defects, a daily dose of 400 mcg is recommended for women planning pregnancy. Higher doses (5 mg) may be prescribed for treating deficiency or for high-risk pregnancies.
Side Effects
Folic acid is generally very well tolerated. High doses may occasionally cause mild gastrointestinal upset.
Contraindications
It is contraindicated in patients with undiagnosed megaloblastic anemia, as it can mask vitamin B12 deficiency, potentially leading to irreversible neurological damage.
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