美托洛爾（Metoprolol）
Overview
Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker used in the management of hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure, and for secondary prevention after a myocardial infarction.
Mechanism of Action
It primarily blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart, reducing heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, thereby decreasing the heart’s demand for oxygen.
Dosage and Administration
Dosage varies widely based on the condition and formulation (immediate or extended-release). For hypertension, starting doses are often 50-100 mg daily.
Side Effects
Common side effects include fatigue, dizziness, cold hands and feet, and bradycardia (slow heart rate).
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with severe bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, or decompensated heart failure.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Use with caution during pregnancy. It is excreted in breast milk, so careful consideration is needed during breastfeeding.
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