比索洛爾（Bisoprolol）
Overview
Bisoprolol is a highly cardioselective beta-1 blocker widely prescribed for hypertension, angina, and chronic heart failure.
Mechanism of Action
It specifically blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, leading to a decrease in heart rate and myocardial contractility, which lowers blood pressure and cardiac workload.
Dosage and Administration
For hypertension, the usual dose is 5 mg to 10 mg once daily. For heart failure, treatment starts at a very low dose (e.g., 1.25 mg) and is gradually up-titrated.
Side Effects
Common side effects include dizziness, fatigue, slow heart rate, and cold extremities.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, second or third-degree AV block, and severe bradycardia.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Not recommended during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment.
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