Overview
Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic widely used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and renal disease, as well as for treating hypertension.

Mechanism of Action
It acts primarily on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidneys, inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride. This leads to a profound increase in urine output (diuresis).

Dosage and Administration
The oral dosage typically ranges from 20 mg to 80 mg given as a single dose, adjusted according to patient response. It is usually taken in the morning to avoid nighttime urination.

Side Effects
Frequent side effects include increased urination, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances (such as low potassium or sodium levels). Dizziness and low blood pressure may also occur.

Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with anuria (inability to produce urine), severe electrolyte depletion, and known hypersensitivity to the drug or sulfonamides.

Pregnancy and Lactation
Should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in breast milk and may inhibit lactation.