氯沙坦（Losartan）
Overview
Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) primarily used to treat high blood pressure and protect the kidneys in diabetic patients.
Mechanism of Action
It blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in many tissues, including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. This prevents the vasoconstricting and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II.
Dosage and Administration
The usual starting dose is 50 mg once daily, which can be increased to 100 mg once daily. It can be taken with or without food.
Side Effects
Generally well-tolerated. Potential side effects include dizziness, fatigue, upper respiratory infections, and elevated blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia).
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to any component of the product. Do not co-administer with aliskiren in patients with diabetes.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Strictly contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, as it can cause injury and death to the developing fetus. Not recommended during breastfeeding.
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