地爾硫卓（Diltiazem）
Overview
Diltiazem is a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias) by slowing the heart rate.
Mechanism of Action
It inhibits calcium influx into both vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. This results in vasodilation and a negative chronotropic effect (slowing the heart rate) and negative dromotropic effect (slowing AV node conduction).
Dosage and Administration
Dosage varies widely based on formulation (immediate vs. extended-release) and indication. Extended-release capsules are often dosed once daily (e.g., 120 mg to 360 mg).
Side Effects
Side effects can include edema, headache, nausea, dizziness, and bradycardia (abnormally slow heart rate).
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with sick sinus syndrome, second- or third-degree AV block (without a pacemaker), severe hypotension, or acute myocardial infarction with pulmonary congestion.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Diltiazem is excreted in human milk; women taking the drug should not nurse.
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