硝苯地平（Nifedipine）
Overview
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker utilized for managing hypertension and angina. Extended-release formulations are preferred to provide smooth, continuous blood pressure control.
Mechanism of Action
Similar to amlodipine, it blocks calcium ion influx into smooth muscle cells, leading to potent arterial vasodilation, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and lowered blood pressure.
Dosage and Administration
Extended-release tablets are typically dosed at 30 mg or 60 mg once daily. They must be swallowed whole and not chewed or crushed.
Side Effects
Common side effects include headache, flushing, dizziness, and peripheral edema. Short-acting formulations can cause reflex tachycardia, which is why extended-release is preferred.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with cardiogenic shock or those taking strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin).
Pregnancy and Lactation
May be used in pregnancy (often for severe hypertension or preterm labor) when benefits outweigh risks. It is excreted in breast milk, so a decision should be made regarding nursing.
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