奧昔布寧（Oxybutynin）
Overview
Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication used to relieve urinary and bladder difficulties, including frequent urination and inability to control urination (incontinence), by decreasing muscle spasms of the bladder.
Mechanism of Action
It acts as a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at postganglionic muscarinic receptors, resulting in relaxation of bladder smooth muscle.
Dosage and Administration
The typical starting dose for adults is 5 mg two to three times daily. Extended-release formulations are also available for once-daily dosing.
Side Effects
Common side effects are typical of anticholinergics and include dry mouth, dizziness, constipation, blurred vision, and dry eyes.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with urinary retention, gastric retention, or uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma.
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