普魯氯哌嗪（Prochlorperazine）
Overview
Prochlorperazine is a phenothiazine antiemetic and antipsychotic medication used to treat severe nausea and vomiting, as well as conditions like vertigo and schizophrenia.
Mechanism of Action
It primarily acts as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist in the chemoreceptor trigger zone to prevent emesis. It also has weak anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects.
Dosage and Administration
For nausea and vomiting in adults, the oral dose is typically 5 to 10 mg three or four times daily. It can also be administered rectally or via injection.
Side Effects
Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, amenorrhea, blurred vision, skin reactions, and hypotension. Extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disorders) can occur.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in comatose patients, those with severe CNS depression, or those with hypersensitivity to phenothiazines. It is not approved for dementia-related psychosis in elderly patients.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Safety during pregnancy has not been established; use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in breast milk, so nursing should be avoided.
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