Escitalopram
Overview
Escitalopram is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.
Mechanism of Action
Like other SSRIs, it works by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin into the presynaptic neuron. This specific and potent inhibition increases serotonin levels in the brain, helping to restore mental balance and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Dosage and Administration
The usual starting dose is 10 mg once daily, taken with or without food. Depending on the patient’s response, the dose may be increased to a maximum of 20 mg per day after a minimum of one week.
Side Effects
It is generally well-tolerated. Common side effects include nausea, headache, insomnia, sweating, and sexual dysfunction. It carries a risk of dose-dependent QT interval prolongation on the ECG, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients taking MAOIs or pimozide. It is also contraindicated in patients with known QT interval prolongation or congenital long QT syndrome.
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