Sertraline
Overview
Sertraline is a widely prescribed antidepressant belonging to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, and anxiety disorders.
Mechanism of Action
It selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) at the presynaptic neuronal membrane, leading to an increased concentration of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. This enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission is believed to contribute to its mood-elevating and anxiolytic effects.
Dosage and Administration
The typical starting dose for depression is 50 mg once daily, which can be gradually increased if necessary. It may take several weeks of continuous treatment to observe the full therapeutic benefits.
Side Effects
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, dizziness, and sexual dysfunction (such as decreased libido or delayed ejaculation). Abrupt discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms like dizziness, sensory disturbances, and agitation.
Contraindications
Strictly contraindicated with concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) due to the risk of fatal serotonin syndrome. It should be used cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or bipolar disorder.
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