Acyclovir
Overview
Acyclovir is an antiviral medication primarily used to treat infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), including cold sores and genital herpes, as well as the varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles.
Mechanism of Action
It is a guanosine analogue that is selectively converted into its active form by viral thymidine kinase. Once activated, it inhibits viral DNA polymerase and incorporates itself into the growing viral DNA chain, effectively terminating viral replication.
Dosage and Administration
Available in oral, topical, and intravenous forms. For oral treatment of shingles, the dose is typically 800 mg five times a day. For cold sores, topical cream is applied 5 times daily. Adequate hydration is essential during systemic therapy.
Side Effects
Oral acyclovir is generally well-tolerated, with occasional nausea, diarrhoea, or headache. Intravenous use carries a risk of reversible renal toxicity, especially in dehydrated patients or those with pre-existing kidney issues.
Contraindications
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to aciclovir or valaciclovir. Dose adjustments are required for patients with renal impairment.
The medication usage, medical information, and related content provided on this website are for general informational purposes only. Under no circumstances should they be considered a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment plans. Users must consult a registered doctor, pharmacist, or other qualified healthcare professional before making any medical decisions. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. Do not use the information provided here to self-diagnose or treat any health issues or diseases.
Statement on Information Sources and Objectivity
The medical information and content presented on this website are based on widely recognised medical knowledge and public literature, and have been retrieved, translated, and compiled with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Details regarding disease symptoms, drug indications, mechanisms of action, and side effects are objective medical facts intended purely for general public education and reference.
Limitation of Liability
This website, and those who operate it, accept no legal liability for any of the following:
- Any direct or indirect consequences arising from a user's use of, or reliance on, the information provided on this website.
- Any adverse reactions, side effects, or other impacts resulting from the use of medications or treatments mentioned on this website.
- The accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the information provided on this website (including content retrieved and compiled via AI).
If you are experiencing a medical emergency, please seek immediate professional medical assistance or call emergency services.
