Medical Health Encyclopedia

Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist available as a once-weekly injection or a daily oral tablet. It is highly effective in lowering blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes and is also widely recognized for promoting significant weight loss and reducing cardiovascular risks.

Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist administered by daily injection. It is used to improve blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes and, at a higher dose, for chronic weight management. It also reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Insulin Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog used to control blood sugar spikes during meals in people with diabetes. It works much faster than regular human insulin, allowing patients to administer it shortly before or right after eating.

Insulin Glargine is a long-acting basal insulin used to control high blood sugar in adults and children with diabetes mellitus. It provides a steady, continuous release of insulin over 24 hours without a pronounced peak, helping to maintain stable baseline glucose levels.

Dapagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor used to treat type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. It lowers blood sugar by causing the kidneys to excrete excess glucose in the urine and offers significant protective effects for the heart and kidneys.

Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that treats type 2 diabetes by helping the kidneys remove glucose from the bloodstream through urine. It is also proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.

Linagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that helps lower blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. Unlike many other diabetes medications, it is primarily excreted through the bile and gut, making it suitable for patients with kidney problems without needing dose adjustments.

Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor used to manage type 2 diabetes. It works by increasing the levels of natural substances called incretins, which help to control blood sugar by increasing insulin release and decreasing glucagon levels.

Glimepiride is a long-acting sulfonylurea used to treat type 2 diabetes. It lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is often used in combination with other anti-diabetic medications or insulin.

Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea medication primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes. It helps lower blood sugar levels by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin. It is typically prescribed when diet and exercise alone are insufficient to control blood glucose.

Metformin is a first-line oral antidiabetic medication widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It effectively lowers blood sugar levels and improves insulin sensitivity without typically causing weight gain or significant hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) when used alone.