Overview
Insulin Glargine is a recombinant human insulin analog designed to provide long-acting, basal glycemic control. It is indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Mechanism of Action
After subcutaneous injection, the acidic solution of insulin glargine is neutralized in the neutral pH of the subcutaneous tissue, forming microprecipitates. From these microprecipitates, small amounts of insulin glargine are slowly and continuously released into the bloodstream over a 24-hour period, mimicking the body’s natural basal insulin secretion.

Dosage and Administration
It is administered subcutaneously once daily at any time of the day, but at the same time every day. The dose is highly individualized based on the patient’s metabolic needs, blood glucose monitoring results, and glycemic control goals. It must not be diluted or mixed with any other insulin or solution.

Side Effects
Hypoglycemia is the most common and potentially serious adverse reaction associated with all insulins, including glargine. Other side effects include injection site reactions (redness, pain, itching), lipodystrophy (changes in fat tissue at the injection site), weight gain, and allergic reactions.

Contraindications
It is contraindicated during episodes of hypoglycemia and in patients with hypersensitivity to insulin glargine or any of its excipients.

Pregnancy and Lactation
Insulin is generally the preferred treatment for maintaining blood glucose control during pregnancy. Insulin glargine can be used during pregnancy if clinically needed. It is compatible with breastfeeding, though insulin requirements may change during lactation.