Overview
Insulin Lispro is a rapid-acting blood glucose-lowering agent. It is a human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and children with diabetes mellitus. It is typically used in a basal-bolus regimen alongside a long-acting insulin.

Mechanism of Action
The primary activity of insulin lispro is the regulation of glucose metabolism. It lowers blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Due to a slight modification in its amino acid sequence, it is absorbed more rapidly than regular human insulin after subcutaneous injection.

Dosage and Administration
It should be administered subcutaneously within 15 minutes before a meal or immediately after a meal. The dosage is individualized based on the patient’s meal size, carbohydrate content, and pre-meal blood glucose levels. It can also be administered via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump).

Side Effects
As with all insulins, hypoglycemia is the most frequent adverse effect. Because of its rapid onset, hypoglycemia can occur soon after injection if a meal is delayed or missed. Other side effects include injection site reactions, lipohypertrophy, weight gain, and hypokalemia.

Contraindications
Insulin lispro is contraindicated during episodes of hypoglycemia and in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its excipients.

Pregnancy and Lactation
Maintaining good glycemic control is essential during pregnancy. Insulin lispro can be used during pregnancy if clinically indicated. It is safe for use during breastfeeding, but dosage adjustments may be necessary.