Overview
Naproxen is a widely utilized nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) distinguished by its prolonged half-life, which allows for sustained pain relief and less frequent dosing compared to other NSAIDs. It is highly effective for managing chronic conditions requiring continuous anti-inflammatory action.

Mechanism of Action
It operates by reversibly inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, effectively suppressing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. This action reduces inflammation, pain, and fever. Its longer duration of action makes it suitable for conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and severe primary dysmenorrhea.

Dosage and Administration
The standard adult dosage is generally 250 mg to 500 mg taken twice daily. For maintenance therapy, the total daily dose should not exceed 1000 mg. Like all traditional NSAIDs, naproxen should be taken with food or milk to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort.

Side Effects
Naproxen carries a significant risk of gastrointestinal irritation, ulceration, and bleeding. Other common side effects include dizziness, headache, and fluid retention. While it still poses cardiovascular risks, epidemiological data suggests naproxen may have a slightly more favorable cardiovascular safety profile compared to some other NSAIDs like diclofenac.

Contraindications
It is contraindicated in patients with active peptic ulcer disease, severe renal impairment, or severe heart failure. It should not be given to patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs.

Pregnancy and Lactation
Naproxen should be avoided during late pregnancy (third trimester) due to the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. It is generally not recommended during breastfeeding because it is excreted in human milk and may cause adverse effects in the infant.