Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition in older adults that can lead to vision loss and even blindness. Early detection and treatment of AMD are crucial for slowing down vision loss in patients. This article will delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment methods of AMD in order to raise public awareness of this eye disease.
Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration
According to a report by the World Health Organization¹, globally there are1.96 million people aged between 30 and 97 have macular disease.The change. It is worth noting that in recent years, due to the increase in the use of electronic products and excessive eye use,，causes age-related macular degeneration to become younger.
As its name suggests, macular degeneration is a retinal disease that primarily affects the macular area.
The macula is one of the most important areas of vision in the eye. The macula is responsible for central and detailed vision, assisting with tasks like reading, driving, and recognising objects in daily life. Macular disease can lead to a decline in vision and visual distortions, such as objects appearing warped and misshapen. If treatment is delayed, severe cases can result in blindness.
There are two main types of macular degeneration: dry and wet..
- Dry macular degenerationThis is the more common type, where the macula gradually thins and degenerates over time. Metabolic by-products build up during this process, hindering the macula's clarity. This condition can lead to blurred vision or a loss of central vision.
- Wet Age-related Macular Degenerationis a more serious type, causing abnormal blood vessels to grow in the macula. These vessels can leak or bleed, which quickly damages the macula and causes rapid vision loss..
The causes of macular degeneration
There are many causes of macular degeneration, primarily including ageing, family genetics, smoking, poor dietary habits, and long-term exposure to ultraviolet light, severe myopia, and other factors. These factors can lead to abnormalities and degeneration in the macular region, affecting vision.
Macular degeneration symptoms
symptoms associated with macular degeneration primarily include changes in central vision, visual impairment, and colour vision abnormalities. Patients may experience distorted vision or blurred sight. In the early stages of macular degeneration, symptoms may be mild, but they become more pronounced as the condition progresses.
The symptoms of macular degeneration usually depend on the severity and stage of the disease. Some common symptoms include：
Central vision changes
Macular degeneration can cause changes in central vision, where patients may notice their central vision becoming blurry or seeing dark patches..The patient feels that objects appear distorted or deformed when observed.
2. Visual Impairment
Patients may find their vision is affected during daily activities, with a potential for gradual blurring or rapid deterioration. This vision loss doesn't necessarily affect both eyes equally; it could impact just one eye.
3. Colour vision deficiency
Macular degeneration can cause patients' perception of colours to become abnormal. Patients with macular degeneration may notice that colours appear less vivid than before, becoming duller or changing, and the contrast between colours may also be reduced.
4. Distorted vision
In the early stages of macular degeneration, patients may notice objects appearing deformed or distorted, particularly straight lines or right angles that may appear bent or warped..
These symptoms may appear gradually, symptoms inThe stages of macular degeneration can differ. If patients experience any of the above symptoms, they should seek an eye examination promptly to determine the cause.並Devise a suitable treatment plan.
Treatment for macular degeneration
Macular degeneration3The first six months are a golden period for treatment, and the earlier treatment is carried out, the more effectively the condition can be controlled, improving the patient's vision and quality of life. Treatment methods for macular degeneration include anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections, laser photocoagulation, and photodynamic therapy.
- Anti-VEGF intravitreal injection：This can prevent the proliferation of new blood vessels, thereby reducing leakage and bleeding from neovascularisation..
- Laser photocoagulation：To prevent further proliferation of diseased blood vessels using a laser, thereby reducing conditions such as vascular leakage, bleeding, and swelling, and slowing vision loss..
- Photodynamic therapyBy injecting photosensitising drugs intravenously and using non-thermal laser, the goal of controlling the deterioration of the condition is achieved.
The effectiveness of treatment may vary depending on individual circumstances. Different methods are suitable for different patients and conditions, and the specific treatment plan should be chosen based on a doctor's advice..
By strengthening attention and awareness of macular degeneration, we can help protect our eyesight and eye health. The general public, especially the elderly or those with myopia, should have their eyes checked annually for early detection and treatment of macular degeneration, ensuring long-term visual stability.
Eyesight Medical provides comprehensive eye examinations, including colour vision screening, stereopsis, dilated fundus examination, visual acuity, refraction, and intraocular pressure measurement..Professional eye examinations are available to help diagnose necessary checks, assisting you and your family in avoiding common eye conditions such as macular degeneration and glaucoma. Maintain eye health by booking regular eye check-ups for yourself and your family.
¹ World Health Organization，2019 World Report on Vision
Disclaimer: This content is independently written by a third party for informational purposes only, is not sponsored, and cannot replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It does not represent any stance. If you experience any physical discomfort, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly.
